The IoT has revolutionized how we live, paving the way for smart homes, wearable technology, and self-driving cars. However, with this increased connectivity comes an increased risk of cyber threats and attacks.
IoT devices are often vulnerable due to their interconnected nature. Additionally, they lack native security controls and frequently share open-source operating systems. Hackers can and do exploit these vulnerabilities in IoT devices to access networks and critical operations of enterprises. These can lead to significant financial losses, operational disruption, and harm to a company’s reputation.
IoT cybersecurity is crucial in ensuring the safety and business continuity of organizations that use these devices. In this article, we will explore cybersecurity risks related to IoT devices.
Post Contents
What is IoT?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interconnected devices and sensors that can communicate with each other over the Internet. These devices can range from simple everyday things like smart home appliances to more complex systems like industrial machinery and vehicles.
The IoT lets these devices get and receive data to provide insights and improve performance. For example, a smart thermostat can use data collected from sensors to adjust the temperature of a room.
On a bigger scale, a smart factory can use data from machines to optimize production processes.
The IoT can revolutionize many industries, including healthcare, transportation, energy management, and environmental monitoring.
It enables greater convenience and efficiency through connected devices and systems. Based on projections, 29 billion IoT devices will be installed worldwide by 2030. The trend towards remote working is helping to drive this increase. However, the IoT raises significant concerns about privacy, security, and data ownership.
Surveys Say
One report recently revealed a 77 percent rise in malware attacks on IoT devices during the first half of 2022. It also stated that ransomware attacks declined by 23 percent. However, crypto-jacking attacks and intrusion attempts increased by 30 and 19 percent, respectively.
The rapid proliferation of IoT devices has led to security concerns, which have been highlighted in mainstream media, including a CNBC article.
IoT devices may be the primary access point for multiple attacks, as stated in Microsoft’s Digital Defense Report 2022. It highlights that despite the increasing security of IT software and hardware, IoT security has progressed at a different rate.
Cybersecurity Risks of IoT Devices
IoT devices range from simple sensors and wearables to complex industrial systems and critical infrastructure. Regardless of the complexity, they all present unique cybersecurity issues that must be addressed to ensure safe and secure use.
Data privacy issues
IoT devices often collect vast user data, including personal information, location data, and usage habits. This data is usually transmitted over the Internet to servers owned by device manufacturers or third-party companies. That creates significant data privacy concerns, as cybercriminals may be able to intercept this data and use it for malicious purposes.
Additionally, many IoT devices don’t provide users with clear information on what data is being collected or how it is used.
Botnet attack
Botnets are networks of hacked computers controlled remotely by an attacker. They can be used to carry out criminal activities like distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, spam campaigns, and data theft. When an IoT device is infected by malware, it can become part of a botnet, and its communication interconnectivity can be used to launch attacks on other devices.
Botnet attacks on IoT devices can have severe consequences. For example, a DDoS attack can overwhelm a device, website, or online service and cause it to shut down. A distributed architecture attack can cause significant disruption to businesses that rely on online connectivity to operate. In addition, ransomware and other forms of cybercrime can lead to substantial financial losses and loss of trust.
In 2016, the Mirai botnet attack caused a massive DDoS attack affecting significant websites like Twitter, Reddit, and Netflix. The attack was carried out by a botnet targeting IoT devices like routers and cameras, secured with weak or default passwords.
The botnet was able to use these devices to flood target servers with traffic, causing them to crash. The Mirai botnet attack was a wake-up call for IoT security. It demonstrated that even seemingly insignificant devices could be used as a botnet to carry out devastating attacks.
Data breaches
Data breaches are another significant cybersecurity risk associated with IoT devices. Data breaches can occur with IoT devices when a hacker gains access to a device that collects and transmits sensitive data. That includes passwords to financial or personal information.
These devices can range from smart home assistants to industrial control systems, and the consequences of a breach can be severe. Many IoT devices send and receive sensitive data, such as medical, financial, and personal information. If an attacker gains access to this data, they could use it for identity theft, financial fraud, or other malicious purposes.
One of the primary reasons data breaches are so common with IoT devices is the sheer number of devices in use. Ensuring each device is secure and up to date with the latest security patches can be challenging with so many devices. Additionally, many IoT devices lack basic security features, making them more vulnerable to attack.
Using a Windows or Mac VPN can enhance workstation security. Yes, contrary to popular belief, Macs can get viruses. By encrypting traffic between a device and a remote server, a VPN can make it harder for bad actors to intercept and steal sensitive information. Additionally, a VPN can mask your IP address, preventing location tracking and other online surveillance.
Weak security protocols
Many IoT devices have weak security protocols, making them vulnerable to attack and easy targets for cybercriminals. Most manufacturers prioritize cost and convenience over security when developing their devices, including open-source commands. As a result, these devices are often shipped with default usernames and passwords available online, making them vulnerable to hacking attempts.
Hackers can access sensitive information or control the device by using vulnerabilities in the software or firmware. That can allow them to launch DDoS attacks, steal personal data, or even take over the device and use it as a botnet or cause operational disruption for financial gain.
In 2015, security researchers Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek demonstrated what could happen.
They took control of a Jeep Cherokee remotely through its internet-connected entertainment system. They were able to take control of the vehicle’s brakes, steering, and other systems, demonstrating how vulnerable IoT devices can be to cyber-attacks.
The vulnerability was caused by a lack of security measures in the vehicle’s entertainment system. Jeep Cherokee owners were advised to update their software to address the vulnerability.
Another well-known example is the Stuxnet virus. It targeted industrial control systems and caused physical damage to Iranian centrifuges.
Poor encryption
Another significant cybersecurity risk associated with IoT devices is the lack of encryption. Encryption converts data into a secret code or algorithm to protect its confidentiality and integrity. Without encryption, unauthorized users can intercept and access sensitive information transmitted between IoT devices and their networks.
IoT devices are designed with minimal security features to keep costs low and minimize power consumption. That leaves them vulnerable to cyberattacks and exploitation by hackers.
In addition, many IoT devices are managed and controlled by third-party vendors, making it challenging for users to control and ensure the security of their devices. For example, black-listed CCTV cameras can “call home” and provide remote access.
Without encryption, IoT devices can be targeted by many types of cyberattacks. These include man-in-the-middle attacks, data interception, and tampering with device settings. Hackers can access sensitive personal information or take control of devices, putting users or operations at risk.
Buyer Beware
IoT cybersecurity risks are critical issues that must be addressed immediately. With the increasing proliferation of IoT devices, the dangers associated with their vulnerabilities are also rising. The consequences of a cyber attack on IoT devices can be catastrophic, ranging from data breaches, operations, and supply chain disruption to physical harm. Therefore, individuals, organizations, and governments must proactively secure IoT devices.